Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of an area of the skin caused by increased melanin production. Understanding its causes and types can help in its effective treatment and prevention.

Causes:

• Sun Exposure: The most common cause. UV rays stimulate melanin production.
• Hormonal Changes: Conditions like melasma are hormone-related.
• Inflammation: Acne, cuts, or burns can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
• Medication: Some drugs can cause skin darkening as a side effect.

Types:

• Melasma: Brown patches, often on the face, due to hormonal changes.
• Sunspots: Small, darkened patches resulting sometimes from sun exposure.
• Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Dark spots following skin injury or inflammation.

Prevention:

• Gentle Skincare: Avoid harsh products that can irritate the skin.
• Healthy Diet: Foods rich in antioxidants can prevent skin damage.